Example Concept: Quantum error correction in near-term devices typically involves using small QEC codes like the surface code or repetition code. These codes are designed to detect and correct specific types of errors (e.g., bit-flip or phase-flip) by encoding logical qubits into multiple physical qubits. The surface code, for instance, arranges qubits in a 2D grid and uses stabilizer measurements to identify and correct errors, leveraging the redundancy of qubit states to preserve information.