Example Concept: Quantum error correction codes work by distributing the information of a single logical qubit across several physical qubits. This redundancy allows the system to detect and correct errors without measuring the actual quantum state directly, which would collapse the superposition. For instance, the surface code uses a 2D lattice of qubits where stabilizer measurements identify errors locally, enabling correction through syndrome decoding. By repeatedly applying these codes, quantum systems can mitigate the effects of decoherence, thus preserving the integrity of quantum information over time.