Example Concept: Quantum error correction codes, such as the surface code or the Shor code, work by distributing quantum information across multiple qubits and using entanglement to detect and correct errors. These codes typically involve redundant encoding of logical qubits into a larger number of physical qubits, allowing for the identification and correction of errors like bit-flip or phase-flip through syndrome measurements. This process helps mitigate the effects of decoherence by ensuring that the logical information remains intact even if some physical qubits experience errors.