Example Concept: Quantum error correction involves encoding a logical qubit into a larger number of physical qubits using an error-correcting code. For instance, the surface code uses a 2D lattice of qubits where each logical qubit is represented by a grid of physical qubits. Errors are detected through stabilizer measurements, which identify error syndromes without collapsing the quantum state, allowing for correction of single-qubit errors and some multi-qubit errors.